preposition

Jun24

preposition is a word (one of the parts of speech and a member of a closed word class) that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.

The combination of a preposition and a noun phrase is called a prepositional phrase. A word group (such as in front of or on top of) that functions like a simple, one-word preposition is called a complex preposition.

Prepositions convey the following relationships: agency (by); comparison (like, as . . . as); direction (to, toward, through); place (at, by, on); possession (of); purpose (for); source (from, out of); and time (at, before, on). A word (one of the parts of speech and a member of a closed word class) that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.

The combination of a preposition and a noun phrase is called a prepositional phrase. A word group (such as in front of or on top of) that functions like a simple, one-word preposition is called a complex preposition.Prepositions convey the following relationships: agency (by); comparison (like, as . . . as); direction (to, toward, through); place (at, by, on); possession (of); purpose (for); source (from, out of); and time (at, before, on).

penemuan kebenaran

Jun13

  1. A.    Cara Penemuan Kebenaran

 

Cara untuk menemukan kebenaran dapat dilihat dengan cara ilmiah dan non ilmiah. Hartono Kasmadi, dkk (1990) menguraikan cara menemukan kebenaran sebagai berikut.

  1. Penemuan Secara Kebetulan

Penemuan kebenaran secara kebetulan adalah penemuan yang berlangsung tanpa disengaja atau tanpa rencana.

  1. Penemuan ‘Coba dan Ralat’ ( Trial and Error )

Penemuan coba dan ralat adalah penemuan yang terjadi tanpa adanya kepastian akan berhasil atau tidak berhasil kebenaran yang dicari.

  1. Penemuan Melalui Otoritas atau Kewibawaan Continue reading →

lesson plan

May26

as a teacher we should prepare a lesson plan first which is help we in teaching. Have a lesson plan make we can deliver our knowledge to the students be systematic. this is the example of lesson plan for teaching english (writing skill) to seventh grade

Lesson Plan

Name : SMP 4 Tegallalang
Subject : English
Class/semester : VII/2
Skill : writing
Topic : work out
Time allotment : 1 x 40 minutes

Standard Competence : expressing the meaning in functional text and short simple essay in form descriptive and procedure text Continue reading →

ESL and curriculum planning

May24

Language learning has been seen as a linguistic, rather than an educational, matter, and there has been a tendency to overlook research and development as well as planning processes related to general educational principles in favors of linguistic principles and, in recent years, second years acquisition research. recent empirical research into learn ability and speech processing constraints has demonstrated that there is not always a direct correlation between linguistic prediction of difficulty and what learners do find difficult, and only recently has attention focused on selection and grading of input on the basis of what is actually learnable at any given stage.
Clark (1985a), borrowing from a framework developed by Skilbeck, relates developments in language teaching to a number of dominant mainstream educational ideologies. These are Classical Humanism, Reconstructionism and Progressivism. According Clark suggests the key elements of the curriculum objectives, content, and methodology. Clark attributes many of the problems currently besetting language teaching to a failure on the part of language teachers to take a broader perspective. Classical humanism is the educational philosophy underpinning the subject-centred view of learning. Continue reading →

teaching english for begginer using Total Physical Response Method

May14

A. Background of Study
English is international language that we use in the world. In Indonesia English is the second language that the student learns at school beside Indonesian language. Many methods we can use to teach English especially for teaching speaking. One of them is Total Physical Response Method.
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a method developed by Dr. James J. Asher, a professor emeritus of psychology at San José State University, to aid learning second languages. The method relies on the assumption that when learning a second or additional language, language is internalized through a process of code breaking similar to first language development and that the process allows for a long period of listening and developing comprehension prior to production. Students respond to commands that require physical movement. TPR is based on the assumption that human brain has ability to acquired natural language. In the other words, TPR tends to emphasize that second language learning is parallel to the mother tongue acquisition. It involves some natural process of obtaining the language.
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through physical (motor) activity. This method uses for teaching speaking especially for the beginner. Continue reading →

Teaching Listening Strategies for Developing Listening Skills

May14

Language learning depends on listening. Listening provides the aural input that serves as the basis for language acquisition and enables learners to interact in spoken communication.

Effective language instructors show students how they can adjust their listening behavior to deal with a variety of situations, types of input, and listening purposes. They help students develop a set of listening strategies and match appropriate strategies to each listening situation.
Listening Strategies

Listening strategies are techniques or activities that contribute directly to the comprehension and recall of listening input. Listening strategies can be classified by how the listener processes the input. Continue reading →